Miscellaneous Papers
The following are papers I have authored on topics other than the UTUA Framework
The Relationship Between Intelligence and Psychological Well‑Being in Incoming College Students
Wigtil and Henriques, 2015
Background: This study investigated the relationship between intelligence and psychological well-being in young adults. Contradictory findings are presented about the
relationship between intelligence and PWB in children and adolescents, and qualitative findings by Lovecky (J Couns Develop 64:572–575, 1986) in adults. For young adults,
the authors predicted positive linear relationships between intelligence and PWB dimensions of Environmental Mastery, Autonomy, Personal Growth, Purpose in Life,
and a curvilinear relationship between intelligence and the PWB dimension of Positive Relations with Others.
Methods: These hypotheses were tested on a sample of 3,829 incoming first-year students at a large university using multiple regression of SAT scores (The College Board,
SAT Reasoning Test, 1926–2005) and scores of these dimensions on a 54-item version (van Dierendonck, Personal Individ Differ 36:629–643, 2004) of Ryff’s (J Personal Soc
Psychol, 57(6):1069–1081, 1989) Scales of Psychological Well-Being.
Results: Results supported a curvilinear relationship between SAT Verbal and Positive Relations with Others; significant relationships between SAT Math and Purpose in Life
and Personal Growth were also discovered, but in the negative direction.
Conculsions: Limitations, possible reasons for data trends, and potential application
of results to university policy are discussed.
Wigtil and Henriques, 2015
Background: This study investigated the relationship between intelligence and psychological well-being in young adults. Contradictory findings are presented about the
relationship between intelligence and PWB in children and adolescents, and qualitative findings by Lovecky (J Couns Develop 64:572–575, 1986) in adults. For young adults,
the authors predicted positive linear relationships between intelligence and PWB dimensions of Environmental Mastery, Autonomy, Personal Growth, Purpose in Life,
and a curvilinear relationship between intelligence and the PWB dimension of Positive Relations with Others.
Methods: These hypotheses were tested on a sample of 3,829 incoming first-year students at a large university using multiple regression of SAT scores (The College Board,
SAT Reasoning Test, 1926–2005) and scores of these dimensions on a 54-item version (van Dierendonck, Personal Individ Differ 36:629–643, 2004) of Ryff’s (J Personal Soc
Psychol, 57(6):1069–1081, 1989) Scales of Psychological Well-Being.
Results: Results supported a curvilinear relationship between SAT Verbal and Positive Relations with Others; significant relationships between SAT Math and Purpose in Life
and Personal Growth were also discovered, but in the negative direction.
Conculsions: Limitations, possible reasons for data trends, and potential application
of results to university policy are discussed.
Positive Consequences: The Impact of an Undergraduate Course on Positive Psychology
Kleinman, Asselin, and Henriques, 2014
With the rise of positive psychology and burgeoning evidence base, graduate and undergraduate institutions are now teaching positive psychology as an academic course. Little is known however about its effects. Therefore, the current study sought to develop a positive psychology course conceptually grounded in theory, while also exploring the extent to which the course impacted student well-being. The 25 students enrolled in the class, and a second group of 26 students who were enrolled in alternative psychology course elective (controls), completed a battery of well being measures prior to taking the course, upon completion of the course and at a four-month follow-up. Responses were compared both between- and within-groups and results were promising as significant improvements on a number of measures were found for the intervention group but
not for the control group. The implications and limitations of the current research are discussed.
Kleinman, Asselin, and Henriques, 2014
With the rise of positive psychology and burgeoning evidence base, graduate and undergraduate institutions are now teaching positive psychology as an academic course. Little is known however about its effects. Therefore, the current study sought to develop a positive psychology course conceptually grounded in theory, while also exploring the extent to which the course impacted student well-being. The 25 students enrolled in the class, and a second group of 26 students who were enrolled in alternative psychology course elective (controls), completed a battery of well being measures prior to taking the course, upon completion of the course and at a four-month follow-up. Responses were compared both between- and within-groups and results were promising as significant improvements on a number of measures were found for the intervention group but
not for the control group. The implications and limitations of the current research are discussed.
Exploring the Effectiveness of a Computer-Based Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Program in Reducing Anxiety in College Students
Henriques, Keffer, Abrahamson, and Horst, 2011
Given the pervasiveness of stress and anxiety in our culture it is important to develop and implement interventions that can be easily utilized by large numbers of people that are readily available, inexpensive and have minimal side effects. Two studies explored the effectiveness of a computer-based heart rate variability biofeedback program on reducing anxiety and negative mood in college students. A pilot project (n = 9) of highly anxious students revealed sizable decreases in anxiety and negative mood following utilizing the program for 4 weeks. A second study (n = 35) employing an immediate versus delayed treatment design replicated the results, although the magnitude of the impact was not quite as strong. Despite observing decreases in anxiety, the expected changes in psychophysiological coherence were not observed.
Henriques, Keffer, Abrahamson, and Horst, 2011
Given the pervasiveness of stress and anxiety in our culture it is important to develop and implement interventions that can be easily utilized by large numbers of people that are readily available, inexpensive and have minimal side effects. Two studies explored the effectiveness of a computer-based heart rate variability biofeedback program on reducing anxiety and negative mood in college students. A pilot project (n = 9) of highly anxious students revealed sizable decreases in anxiety and negative mood following utilizing the program for 4 weeks. A second study (n = 35) employing an immediate versus delayed treatment design replicated the results, although the magnitude of the impact was not quite as strong. Despite observing decreases in anxiety, the expected changes in psychophysiological coherence were not observed.
Characteristics of Recent Suicide Attempters with and without Borderline Personality Disorders
Berk, Jeglic, Brown, Henriques, and Beck, 2007
The present research compared recent suicide attempters with and without a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). One hundred and eighty recent suicide
attempters, recruited in the Emergency Department, participated in extensive research interviews. Results showed that suicide attempters with BPD displayed
greater severity of overall psychopathology, depression, hopelessness, suicidal ideation,past suicide attempts, and had poorer social problem solving skills than those without
a BPD diagnosis. No differences were found between the groups regarding the intent to die or lethality associated with the index suicide attempt. These findings highlight
the seriousness of BPD and the risk that individuals diagnosed with this disorder will attempt suicide.
Berk, Jeglic, Brown, Henriques, and Beck, 2007
The present research compared recent suicide attempters with and without a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). One hundred and eighty recent suicide
attempters, recruited in the Emergency Department, participated in extensive research interviews. Results showed that suicide attempters with BPD displayed
greater severity of overall psychopathology, depression, hopelessness, suicidal ideation,past suicide attempts, and had poorer social problem solving skills than those without
a BPD diagnosis. No differences were found between the groups regarding the intent to die or lethality associated with the index suicide attempt. These findings highlight
the seriousness of BPD and the risk that individuals diagnosed with this disorder will attempt suicide.
Integrating Treatments for Suicidal Patients into an Effective Package
Henriques
Craig Bryan (2007) skillfully describes how he was able to successfully weave together several new developments in the treatment of suicidal behavior and deliver a coherent, effective treatment for “John,” a military medical professional who experienced serious suicidal ideation and mixed bouts of anxiety and depression following a return from deployment in Iraq. I offer some comments about what I see as the particularly strong aspects of the intervention, and then I proceed to introduce some concepts that might have been used to facilitate greater socioemotional awareness and a more adaptive social repertoire for the client.
Henriques
Craig Bryan (2007) skillfully describes how he was able to successfully weave together several new developments in the treatment of suicidal behavior and deliver a coherent, effective treatment for “John,” a military medical professional who experienced serious suicidal ideation and mixed bouts of anxiety and depression following a return from deployment in Iraq. I offer some comments about what I see as the particularly strong aspects of the intervention, and then I proceed to introduce some concepts that might have been used to facilitate greater socioemotional awareness and a more adaptive social repertoire for the client.
Cognitive Therapy for the Prevention of Suicide Attempts A Randomized Controlled Trial
Brown, Have, Henriques, Xie, Hollander, Beck, 2005
Brown, Have, Henriques, Xie, Hollander, Beck, 2005
Suicide Attempters’ Reaction to Survival as a Risk Factor for Eventual Suicide
Henriques, Wenzel, Brown, and Beck, 2005
Objective: The authors’ goal was to evaluate whether suicide attempters’ reaction to surviving their attempt predicted eventual suicide.
Method: Three hundred ninety-three suicide attempters were categorized on the basis of their reaction to having survived their attempt (i.e., glad to be alive, ambivalent, wished they were dead) and were followed for 5 to 10 years to determine whether they completed suicide. Results: A survival analysis found that subjects who said that they wished they had died after a suicide attempt were 2.5 times more likely to commit suicide eventually than those who were glad they survived and those who were ambivalent about the
attempt.
Conclusions: Suicide attempters’ reaction to surviving is an important clinical variable that is easily assessed in evaluations that occur following a suicide attempt.
Henriques, Wenzel, Brown, and Beck, 2005
Objective: The authors’ goal was to evaluate whether suicide attempters’ reaction to surviving their attempt predicted eventual suicide.
Method: Three hundred ninety-three suicide attempters were categorized on the basis of their reaction to having survived their attempt (i.e., glad to be alive, ambivalent, wished they were dead) and were followed for 5 to 10 years to determine whether they completed suicide. Results: A survival analysis found that subjects who said that they wished they had died after a suicide attempt were 2.5 times more likely to commit suicide eventually than those who were glad they survived and those who were ambivalent about the
attempt.
Conclusions: Suicide attempters’ reaction to surviving is an important clinical variable that is easily assessed in evaluations that occur following a suicide attempt.
Strategies Used in the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Survey of Practicing Psychologists
Sharp, Henriques, Chapman, Jeglic, Brown, and Beck,2005
One hundred and twenty three practicing psychologists completed surveys regarding the therapeutic techniques they employ for patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Participants identified their predominant orientation and rated the frequency with which they used a range of 27 specific strategies. Logistic regression analyses identified an expected relationship between specific techniques and the theoretical orientations to which they are most closely linked. These findings suggest a high level of concordance between self-described theoretical orientation and the specific treatment techniques utilized, but also that some theoretical orientations are comprised of smaller independent clusters of strategies. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Sharp, Henriques, Chapman, Jeglic, Brown, and Beck,2005
One hundred and twenty three practicing psychologists completed surveys regarding the therapeutic techniques they employ for patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Participants identified their predominant orientation and rated the frequency with which they used a range of 27 specific strategies. Logistic regression analyses identified an expected relationship between specific techniques and the theoretical orientations to which they are most closely linked. These findings suggest a high level of concordance between self-described theoretical orientation and the specific treatment techniques utilized, but also that some theoretical orientations are comprised of smaller independent clusters of strategies. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Marked Increases in Psychopathology Found in a 30-year Cohort Comparison of Suicide Attempters
Henriques, Brown, Berk, and Beck, 2004
Background. Although several epidemiological studies have found increases in the percentages of people who have made a suicide attempt, few cohort comparisons have been conducted to determine changes within this population over time. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if there have been changes in the clinical profile of suicide attempters in recent decades.
Method. Comparisons between a sample of 258 suicide attempters evaluated between 1970 and 1973 and a second sample of 179 suicide attempters evaluated between 1999 and 2002 were made on depression, hopelessness, suicide intent, drug use, history of suicide attempts and subsequent suicide attempts.
Results. Present-day suicide attempters were found to exhibit greater levels of depression (p=0.031), hopelessness (p=0.008), suicide intent (p<0.001), and had much higher rates of illicit drug use (p<0.001). Almost twice as many of the present-day suicide attempters had histories of four or more suicide attempts (p<0.001), and the present-day suicide attempters made subsequent suicide attempts at close to four times the rate in the year following the index attempt (p<0.001).
Conclusions. The present-day suicide attempters exhibited greater levels of psychopathology on every major variable assessed. Replication is necessary and public health implications are discussed.
Henriques, Brown, Berk, and Beck, 2004
Background. Although several epidemiological studies have found increases in the percentages of people who have made a suicide attempt, few cohort comparisons have been conducted to determine changes within this population over time. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if there have been changes in the clinical profile of suicide attempters in recent decades.
Method. Comparisons between a sample of 258 suicide attempters evaluated between 1970 and 1973 and a second sample of 179 suicide attempters evaluated between 1999 and 2002 were made on depression, hopelessness, suicide intent, drug use, history of suicide attempts and subsequent suicide attempts.
Results. Present-day suicide attempters were found to exhibit greater levels of depression (p=0.031), hopelessness (p=0.008), suicide intent (p<0.001), and had much higher rates of illicit drug use (p<0.001). Almost twice as many of the present-day suicide attempters had histories of four or more suicide attempts (p<0.001), and the present-day suicide attempters made subsequent suicide attempts at close to four times the rate in the year following the index attempt (p<0.001).
Conclusions. The present-day suicide attempters exhibited greater levels of psychopathology on every major variable assessed. Replication is necessary and public health implications are discussed.
A Cognitive Therapy Intervention for Suicide Attempters: An Overview of the Treatment and Case Examples
Berk, Henriques, Warman, Brown, and Beck, 2004
Although suicidal behavior is a serious public health problem, few effective treatments exist to treat this population. This article describes a new cognitive therapy intervention that has been developed for treating recent suicide attempters. The intervention is based on general principles of cognitive therapy and targets the automatic thoughts and core beliefs that were activated just prior to the individual’s suicide attempt. Specific cognitive and behavioral techniques are taught to the patient with the goal of decreasing suicidal thoughts and preventing future suicide attempts. The treatment is unique in targeting suicidal behavior as the primary problem, apart from psychiatric diagnosis. Three detailed case examples are provided that illustrate the use of the treatment with different types of patients.
Berk, Henriques, Warman, Brown, and Beck, 2004
Although suicidal behavior is a serious public health problem, few effective treatments exist to treat this population. This article describes a new cognitive therapy intervention that has been developed for treating recent suicide attempters. The intervention is based on general principles of cognitive therapy and targets the automatic thoughts and core beliefs that were activated just prior to the individual’s suicide attempt. Specific cognitive and behavioral techniques are taught to the patient with the goal of decreasing suicidal thoughts and preventing future suicide attempts. The treatment is unique in targeting suicidal behavior as the primary problem, apart from psychiatric diagnosis. Three detailed case examples are provided that illustrate the use of the treatment with different types of patients.
An Experimental Analysis of the Role of Cognitive Errors in the Development of Depressed Mood Following Negative Social Feedback
Henriques and Leitenberg, 2002
This study compared the extent to which negative and positive cognitive errors, dysfunctional attitudes, and self-reported symptoms of depression predicted change in college
students’ depressed mood and social self-esteem following an experimentally arranged negative social event. The amount of negative cognitive errors, the ratio of negativeto-
positive cognitive errors, the amount of dysfunctional attitudes, and the amount of depressive symptoms obtained several weeks earlier each separately predicted change
in depressed mood following the receipt of bogus negative social feedback. A subsequent 4-step hierarchical regression analysis found that the ratio of negative-to-positive
cognitive errors contributed unique variance to the prediction of change in depressed mood after controlling for prior self-reported symptoms of depression and dysfunctional
attitudes. Further, only the ratio score significantly predicted change in social self-esteem. Implications for Beck’s cognitive model of depression, the limitations of
the current study, and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Henriques and Leitenberg, 2002
This study compared the extent to which negative and positive cognitive errors, dysfunctional attitudes, and self-reported symptoms of depression predicted change in college
students’ depressed mood and social self-esteem following an experimentally arranged negative social event. The amount of negative cognitive errors, the ratio of negativeto-
positive cognitive errors, the amount of dysfunctional attitudes, and the amount of depressive symptoms obtained several weeks earlier each separately predicted change
in depressed mood following the receipt of bogus negative social feedback. A subsequent 4-step hierarchical regression analysis found that the ratio of negative-to-positive
cognitive errors contributed unique variance to the prediction of change in depressed mood after controlling for prior self-reported symptoms of depression and dysfunctional
attitudes. Further, only the ratio score significantly predicted change in social self-esteem. Implications for Beck’s cognitive model of depression, the limitations of
the current study, and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Gender and Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Body Esteem and Self-Esteem
Henriques and Calhoun, 1999
Gender and ethnic differences in the relationship between body esteem and self-esteem were examined to assess the degree to which these variables change in relation to each other over time. Difference scores (between Time 1 and Time 2, 1 week apart) were obtained using the Self-Esteem Scale (M. Rasenberg, 1979) and the Body Esteem Scale (S. L. Franzoi & S. A. Shields, 1984) for 163 White women, 140 White men, 55 Black women, and 37 Black men. The results indicated that the correlation of the difference scores was stronger for the group of White women than for the other 3 groups, suggesting that changes in self-esteem parallel changes in body esteem more for White women than for White men, Black men, and Black women. The findings are discussed in relation to the prevalence of bulimia nervosa among White women.
Henriques and Calhoun, 1999
Gender and ethnic differences in the relationship between body esteem and self-esteem were examined to assess the degree to which these variables change in relation to each other over time. Difference scores (between Time 1 and Time 2, 1 week apart) were obtained using the Self-Esteem Scale (M. Rasenberg, 1979) and the Body Esteem Scale (S. L. Franzoi & S. A. Shields, 1984) for 163 White women, 140 White men, 55 Black women, and 37 Black men. The results indicated that the correlation of the difference scores was stronger for the group of White women than for the other 3 groups, suggesting that changes in self-esteem parallel changes in body esteem more for White women than for White men, Black men, and Black women. The findings are discussed in relation to the prevalence of bulimia nervosa among White women.
Ethnic Differences in Women's Body Satisfaction: An Experimental Investigation
Henriques, Calhoun, and Cann, 1996
This investigation was conducted so that a clearer picture of the complex relationship between ethnicity and body satisfaction could be obtained. Although body satisfaction has recently been shown to be influenced by several factors, such as mood, no studies investigating the stability of body satisfaction (to date) have examined whether there are ethnic differences in how such factors influence body satisfaction. Eighty-four White women and 33 Black women (U.S. undergraduates) were given bogus positive or negative social feedback so that the effect of the feedback on their body satisfaction could be determined. Results indicated positive feedback increased and negative feedback decreased the body satisfaction of White women in the expected directions, but there was no such effect for the Black women. The relevance of these findings in the understanding of bulimia nervosa and eating disorders is discussed, as is the need to differentiate between ethnic groups.
Henriques, Calhoun, and Cann, 1996
This investigation was conducted so that a clearer picture of the complex relationship between ethnicity and body satisfaction could be obtained. Although body satisfaction has recently been shown to be influenced by several factors, such as mood, no studies investigating the stability of body satisfaction (to date) have examined whether there are ethnic differences in how such factors influence body satisfaction. Eighty-four White women and 33 Black women (U.S. undergraduates) were given bogus positive or negative social feedback so that the effect of the feedback on their body satisfaction could be determined. Results indicated positive feedback increased and negative feedback decreased the body satisfaction of White women in the expected directions, but there was no such effect for the Black women. The relevance of these findings in the understanding of bulimia nervosa and eating disorders is discussed, as is the need to differentiate between ethnic groups.
